The readout converts the measured resistance to indicated temperature using either a standard curve or a calibration function for the particular probe being used. EPA issued a memorandum on September 30, 2008, calling for the phase-out of all mercury-containing non-fever thermometers used in EPA laboratories. EPA is taking steps to revise its regulations to allow non-mercury alternative thermometers. Readouts for electronic thermometers are easy to read, and easy to integrate into an automated data system. Contact your state hazardous waste authority for information on state regulations that may apply to you, as these regulations vary by state (including the definition of universal waste). Are non-mercury-containing thermometers as durable as mercury-containing thermometers? Initial calibration intervals should be based on manufacturer’s recommendations or past experience with a type of thermometer. The original liquid-in-glass thermometer was used at an incorrect immersion. Mercury use in products can lead to releases to the environment through the manufacturing of the products; via spills and breakage; and during the recycling, collection and disposal of mercury-containing products. Each step of the chain must have known and documented uncertainties. Look at the thermometer. Experience. Repeat for each column segment. Ship them through a hazardous waste transporter to a mercury recycling facility; Small businesses may be able to dispose of them at a local collection event, collection facility, or destination facilities for “universal waste.”, Regulations demand calibration or demonstrated traceability to national standards, Thermometer manufacturing tolerances are too large to give the desired accuracy, The potential risk or cost of trusting an uncalibrated thermometer (which may give the wrong answer) is too high. Mercury thermometers are being phased out in the US. In some standards applications, liquid-in-glass thermometers may be used in a manner that is highly reproducible, but that does not indicate true temperature. After assessing its own regulations and test methods to locate references to mercury thermometers, EPA in January 2012 updated such references to allow the use of alternatives to mercury-containing thermometers (PDF)(11 pp, 204 K, about PDF). For readouts that support many types of probes, be absolutely certain that the readout is set to the proper thermometer type (e.g., do not read a type K thermocouple with a readout set for a type J thermocouple). Like a mercury-containing thermometer, the platinum resistance thermometer is sensitive to mechanical shock. There is no general rule stating whether thermometers require calibration. If the thermometer is not used in this manner, the thermometer immersion is incorrect. So, you can measure higher temperature with a Mercury Thermometer. Mercury thermometers are now being replaced by digital thermometers. Thankfully, there are modern thermometers now available that make it … Sensors manufactured to meet a tolerance will be interchangeable to within that tolerance, at least when the sensor is new. You can perform the calibrations yourself if you meet all of the requirements for maintaining traceability and have the necessary laboratory equipment and skills. When an organic-liquid-filled thermometer is subjected to these conditions, the liquid column must be carefully inspected before use. Once a thermometer is calibrated, it can serve as a standard at a lower level of accuracy to calibrate another thermometer. The old mercury thermometers are accurate, and perfectly safe as long as they don't get broken. Non-contact Thermometers – Non-contact thermometers also work with infrared to provide readings without contacting the body. The information below gives a brief introduction on the selection and use of these alternatives. With metal-sheathed thermometers, damage to the sensor will not be apparent from a visual inspection or from a simple operational check. This language is approximately equivalent to saying: At a temperature of 100 °C, we obtained a reading of 99.3 °C on your thermometer. Mercury is opaque and bright, so the movement of mercury inside the capillary tube is easily visible. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which is working with EPA on this effort, announced on February 2, 2011 that it will no longer calibrate mercury-in-glass thermometers for traceability purposes beginning on March 1, 2011. EPA is working to reduce overall use of hazardous chemicals, including mercury, in accordance with Executive Order 13148, Greening the Government Through Leadership in Environmental Management (PDF)(14 pp, 257 KB, About PDF) (April 21, 2000). Contact your local trash collection program to see if there's a hazardous waste collection site in your area. EPA is examining ways to transition to mercury-free alternatives both within EPA and outside of the Agency. In fact, digital thermometers have several advantages over traditional mercury thermometers, which the following comparisons will reveal. As the temperature drop, some of the alcohol can also remain behind, which can also cause an inaccurate reading. Thermometers may require calibration because: “Accuracy” is a common term, but it is not well defined. Atención Primaria 2 Servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología. Mercury thermometers can still be found in the Philippines, however, they are not advisable to be made of use anymore. Read more about ASTM's standards review effort. In fact, the principle of digital thermometers is mostly based on metal’s resistance to heat. the reason i'm looking for one is this: i start college at the end of this month and i'm majoring in veterinary technology. Mercury thermometers are still considered to be some of the most accurate temperature indicators. Most people use the word “accuracy” loosely, lumping in lots of meanings that are not technically included and would be better stated as “overall accuracy”. View a list of the updated ASTM standards. An additional reference for thermocouples is: Christof Schaefer, in Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation (Second Edition), 2007. Mercury spilled from broken thermometers also poses an environmental and safety risk. The following document provides a compilation of guidance on the use of alternatives to mercury-containing thermometers. 2. In fact, it uses a bimetallic-like strip that is embedded on the MEMS crystal with its end being held by a capacitor plate. Check the readings of the thermometer at the ice or steam point. Revising ASTM Standards. Why are mercury thermometers being replaced? How to Maintain Greenhouse Inside Humidity? In some cases, legal or regulatory requirements will explicitly require traceability to NIST standards. There are several items that users can look for as evidence of traceability: 2. Note: While a limited number of mercury thermometers are still available, they are no longer advised for home use. Mercury thermometers are designed utilizing the idea that mercury expands with heat. Glass Thermometers – Traditional glass thermometers are still available, using either mercury or another substance such as alcohol to provide a reading. Contact with the skin or inside the mouth could cause minor irritation or a burning sensation that should resolve quickly. Holding the thermometer securely, as in method 1, quickly tap the edge of the mounting frame a few times. …laboratories or when mercury filled thermometers cannot be used, but ASTM standards are still needed Feature blue organic liquid fill against lead-free white back glass Note: The following DURAC® Plus™ thermometers include an individualized Thermometer Calibration Report… These thermometers are 300 mm long and come with Least Count of 1.0, which means they are perfect for both labs and schools. Mercury thermometers have been around for quite some time; however, as of recent, digital thermometers have begun to take over, which is cause for us to research their benefits over mercury thermometers. There are also some models that can be used to measure temperatures far above the boiling point of mercury, and they can also be used to measure temperatures far below mercury’s freezing point. With regulations requiring the use of mercury thermometers, how will the industrial and commercial community be able to reduce the use of mercury thermometers? Description: Industrial thermometers are usually manufactured with a probe that is inserted into a source of heat or cold. We also compare thermometers among nations to be sure that our standards are equivalent. Various temperatures allow for different flows of energy. View a table of organic-liquid-filled thermometer substitutes for mercury-containing thermometers. Several states prohibit the sale of mercury-containing thermometers. Shop for Mercury Thermometers at Walmart.com. The space above the mercury may be filled with nitrogengas or it may b… Glass breakage often indicates mechanical abuse! The manufacturing tolerances for thermocouples are relatively large, and readouts add an additional uncertainty. Eliminating Mercury in EPA Labs. Pinterest Code: 119e79e8f3c084b84b2e03abae041ed4. However, they present many safety and environmental hazards. The charts below give a summary of typical achievable uncertainties or manufacturing tolerances, in units of both degrees Celsius and degrees Fahrenheit (these charts can assist with the selection of a thermometer, but do not represent the actual uncertainty of any particular thermometer). How to Monitor Cellar Humidity and Temperature Effectively? A digital readout with a thermistor or PRT sensor will cost approximately $200 for a tolerance of ±0.2 °C (±0.4 °F). Alcohol thermometers, infrared thermometers, mercury-in-glass thermometers, recording thermometers, thermistors, and Six's thermometers are used in meteorology and climatology in various levels of the atmosphere and oceans. There are also thermometers that utilize microelectronic mechanical systems (MEMS), which operates similarly to a bimetallic strip. Mercury is a toxic chemical, which if released could contaminate the body as well as surrounding areas, rendering it unsafe. Choose from Oral or Rectal style thermometer. The selection process described in this document also can be described by a flow chart. Liquid-in-glass thermometers may be either partial immersion or total-immersion types. It's dangerous, especially with children since they have tendencies to bite these off or move about and break them. A discussion of particular issues for replacing liquid-in-glass thermometers for standards work is found in: ASTM Manual on the Use of Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement, MNL-12 (ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, 1993). This thermometer type (Figure 1) is the oldest device still in use in both scientific and clinical settings.The thermometer consists of a mercury-filled bulb connected to a thin capillary with a temperature scale. Calibration refers to the measurement that is performed on a thermometer to check the readings. On the other hand, abuse of the thermometer, long-term use, or use of inferior-quality thermometers can lead to larger uncertainties. One of the main symptoms of Coronavirus Covid-19 is a fever. If you have small kids visiting, though, it may be best to ditch the thermometers. For thermocouples used above 150 °C (302 °C), best uncertainties are obtained by using a separate thermocouple for each apparatus, and always using the thermocouple at the same depth into the apparatus. In the field of metrology, the possible error of a measurement is given as the “measurement uncertainty.” The language of uncertainty expresses results in terms of probability. To be sure that you are performing in-house checks correctly, we recommend that users try out their performance checks on newly calibrated instruments that are known to be accurate. What’s the Ideal Temperature to Cook Shepherd’s Pie. Mercury has a lower coefficient of expansion, compared with alcohol. However, it is recommended to use mercury alternatives since mercury is a potential health hazard. You should also consider the overall safety of the thermometer when making a choice. Second, the readings of a calibrated liquid-in-glass thermometer under these conditions of use should be compared with the readings of a calibrated alternative sensor to identify any measurement bias. ACCU-SAFE Environmentally Friendly Thermometers are Spirit-Filled (Non-Mercury). on What’s the Ideal Temperature to Cook Shepherd’s Pie? Mercury thermometers have been around for quite some time; however, as of recent, digital thermometers have begun to take over, which is cause for us to research their benefits over mercury thermometers. 1. The resistance increases in relation to the temperature. A thermometer gives you an accurate picture of your condition. Calibration methods and procedures should be openly documented. When we use the word "traceability" in this paper, we will always mean "metrological traceability.". Here are some methods that can be used to verify the performance of a thermometer. Glass and mercury thermometer. 4. In the case of thermometers that utilize a thermocouple probe, the thermocouple is created by attaching two opposite metals, which generates a slight voltage, based on the temperature. For most applications, alternatives to mercury-containing thermometers are available. Most Common Uses. Please Note: Mercury Thermometers Are Not Returnable This item is non-returnable due to it being a Health or Personal Care product. As stated earlier, digital thermometers utilize metal components along with advanced technology to provide instant results. Contact your local trash collection program to see if there's a … A properly chosen PRT probe and readout can be used to replace almost all mercury-filled liquid thermometers. Instead, digital thermometers contain metal parts that react based on voltage to provide faster and more accurate results than alcohol or water. 5. Thermistors used as thermometers are composed of a blend of metal oxides whose electrical resistance falls as the temperature increases. These are similar to mercury thermometers in both price and use. Mercury thermometers are inexpensive, durable and accurate. To do so, the thermometer is placed in a boiling hot or ice cold bath for adjustment using the temperatures. Note: While a limited number of mercury thermometers are still available, they are no longer advised for home use. in my handbook, it says that we're required to have a thermometer, preferably mercury filled. An unbroken chain of measurements back to NIST standards must be maintained. What is EPA doing to phase out mercury non-fever thermometers? To learn more about methods to set calibration intervals. In its most common usage, “accuracy” is the manufacturer’s guarantee that the instrument will give the correct answer to within the stated accuracy. The system’s electronic charge capacity can be calculated by the circuit, which in turn is used to gauge the temperature. The electrical resistance of the platinum rises as the temperature rises. The non-mercury platinum resistance thermometer is as accurate as mercury-containing thermometers through a wide temperature range. What is the difference between a “certified” and a “calibrated” thermometer? In general, electronic thermometers cost more than mercury-filled thermometers of comparable accuracy. Calibration intervals may be adjusted based on the historical calibration results of a particular thermometer. Non-mercury thermocouples are not as accurate as resistance thermometers or thermistors but are widely used because of their durability. Are non-mercury-containing thermometers as accurate as mercury-containing thermometers? Warnings. See the section on Learning More for additional information. Many replacements for mercury thermometers are available, from the simplest digital thermometer that costs a few dollars to very sophisticated ear thermometers … The only way to determine for certain if a thermometer’s calibration results are still valid is to check its performance. 4. Tutorial videos on alternatives, thermometry, traceability and calibration. Common uses include climate control in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. okay, now before i get a bunch of answers telling me that mercury is poison and i shouldn't buy it, yadda yadda yadda...just stop. How to Control Humidity for Musical Instruments? Some digital thermometers also use tiny electronic circuits that help gauge the temperature. If recalibration indicates that the thermometer has drifted by a magnitude that is larger than an allowable tolerance, there are several options available. These thermometers are used in households, ... Mercury is available in pure form. Elemental or metallic mercury is used in mercury thermometers and (in combination with silver and other metals) in dental amalgam. 3. In practice, incorrect immersion is not a significant problem if the measured temperature is within 20 °C (36 °F) of ambient temperature. Compare the reading of a thermometer to another, recently calibrated thermometer. Use: Industrial thermometers are commonly found in mechanical rooms. I agree with Tito that you need to deal with the contaminated drawer as mercury will find small places to hide. Allow the thermometer to cool and then see if the column is reunited; if not, repeat the entire procedure. Yes, some federal and state regulations contain requirements to use mercury thermometers either directly or through citations of standards and methods from organizations such as ASTM International and the American Petroleum Institute (API). If check measurements indicate large and sudden drift, remove the thermometer from service. For all of the methods, an allowable tolerance for drift or variability of the thermometer should be established. My thermometer is traceable to the national standards of another country. How long a thermometer will meet the manufacturer’s accuracy statement depends on the thermometer type and its use! Many countries, including the United States, have signed a Mutual Recognition Arrangement that recognizes the validity of each others’ calibration certificates. Unless you are absolutely certain that two probes are interchangeable, never switch the probe used with a readout without updating calibration coefficients. Alternatives exist for almost all uses of mercury-filled glass thermometers. The two thermocouple wires must extend all the way from the measurement point to the readout. In hospitals, a large number of patients use thermometers, and contact leads to risks of cross-infection. General references include: We're not even going to list pros and cons as we do not recommend that anyone use a glass and mercury thermometer. Metallic mercury in its liquid state is relatively harmless when confined. Glass and mercury thermometers are just what they sound like. An electromotive force streams through an electrode that calculates the current and the microchip in the thermometer translates that measurement into a digital reading. There are non-mercury thermometers with temperature and accuracy ranges equal to most mercury thermometers. Switching to an alternative in these cases can alter a measurement bias in an unpredictable way. Glass thermometers are still available with a mercury-free metal alloy that registers the temperature. They are probably the least accurate but can be useful for children. It consists of a bulb containing mercury attached to a glass tube of narrow diameter; the volume of mercury in the tube is much less than the volume in the bulb. Uncertainties of calibration should be clearly stated. EPA has also developed a Guide for Federal Agencies on Replacing Mercury-Containing Non-Fever Thermometers (PDF) for other federal agencies to use when developing their own phase-out programs. GIMA 25586 Classic/Clinical/glass fever thermometer, thermometer easy to read and use for adults, children, elderly, without mercury, with CE Certification 3.3 out of 5 stars 1,706 £10.08 £ 10 . Your personal data will be used to support your experience throughout this website, to manage access to your account, and for other purposes described in our privacy policy. However, using non-mercury-containing thermometers avoids the potential cost of mercury spill clean-up and disposal. Read more about what to do if a mercury thermometer breaks. Mercury thermometers are still occasionally used in the medical field because they are more accurate than alcohol thermometers, though both are commonly being replaced by electronic thermometers and less commonly by galinstan thermometers. The proposal for this rule was issued in January 2011 (PDF). In China, dental amalgam was used to fill teeth over 1000 years ago (cited in Drexler 1998). As the temperature increases, the strip responds by diverting this increase, which in turn alters the changes between the plates, thereby adjusting the system’s electronic charge capacity. 3. Mankind learned about thermodynamic temperature centuries after the first thermometer was invented. Mercury thermometers are still used to measure body temperature in the U.S. Read more about what to do if a mercury thermometer breaks. For thermocouples, avoid kinks in the thermocouple wires, especially in regions where the temperature is changing from one point to another. If the bulb and vial are filled with a silver, metallic liquid, you have a mercury thermometer 2.While accurate, the mercury inside the thermometer is very dangerous if it comes in contact with skin 2.Take care in handling the thermometer so that it does not crack or break. These advantages can reduce reading errors and operational costs for electronic thermometers relative to liquid-in-glass thermometers. Mercury thermometers are designed utilizing the idea that mercury expands with heat. The mercury-in-glass or mercury thermometer was invented by physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit in Amsterdam (1714). The National Institute of Standards and Technology has concluded that there are no fundamental barriers to the replacement of mercury thermometers. The most similar alternatives to mercury fever thermometers are battery- and solar-powered digital thermometers. Also, the boiling point of mercury is higher than that of alcohol. Mercury model also available. Mercury thermometers are still sold in Australia by specialist medical … A thermocouple temperature sensor consists of two dissimilar metals, joined at one end to form the measuring junction. Inorganic mercury, e.g. OK, now let’s talk about the disadvantages of Mercury Thermometers. Mercury is a dangerous metal. The voltage of these various metals has been tested and arranged to provide extreme accuracy. Welcome to the Mercury Thermometers Shop. Welcome to ThermoPro, our goal is to help you cook like a pro! They can be used for a wide range of temperatures, from -37°C to 356°C (-35°F to 673°F). In other words, Mercury Thermometers are compact and easy to take with you. In addition, EPA’s Office of Research and Development issued an internal directive to eventually eliminate all mercury thermometers within the office. What types of non-mercury-containing thermometers are currently available? One can also extend its freezing point by alloying it with thallium. While mercury thermometers (not the safest of choices) are still in use here and there, digital thermometers have become much more widely accepted. Digital or spirit-filled (red) thermometers are a safer alternative. Once the thermometer is tested, it is then adjusted or re-calibrated so that it provides the proper reading. For applications requiring broader temperature ranges or better uncertainty, we recommend wire-wound PRTs. The word "traceability" when used in the context of measurement, including temperature measurement, is called "metrological traceability." If any of these conditions hold, the reading of a liquid-in-glass thermometer may not correspond to the reading of an alternative thermometer, even if both thermometers are perfectly accurate. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which is working with EPA on this effort, announced on February 2, 2011 that it will no longer calibrate mercury-in-glass thermometers for traceability purposes beginning on March 1, 2011. Ultimately, the user bears the responsibility of evaluating the traceability chain. On the other hand, once they are broken, loose mercury is nasty stuff. Dean C. Ripple and Gregory F. Strouse, “Selection of Alternatives to Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers,” J. ASTM International 2, JAI13404 (2005). There… EPA is helping ASTM to identify industrial standards and test methods that require the use of glass non-fever thermometers containing mercury to determine whether the use of alternatives is feasible. For high-vibration applications within the temperature range -100 °C to 150 °C (-148 °F to 302 °F), PRT sensors formed from a platinum film deposited on a ceramic chip work well. 3. To date, multiple ASTM standards have been updated to approve the use of mercury-free alternatives for temperature measurement. However, there are certain applications where the use of alternatives to mercury-containing thermometers is more difficult, such as the use of thermometers in high temperature devices such as autoclaves (where alternatives to mercury are not commonly used). The measurement uncertainty gives a measure of the probable magnitude of all of the combined sources of error. If you have a mercury thermometer, don't throw it in the trash. Unfortunately, there are often no visible signs of damage, especially for electronic thermometers! The first thermometers, however, weren’t thermos or heat measurers, but thermo-scopes, devices that merely signaled whether the temperature was high or low. How and where do I dispose of an industrial mercury-containing thermometer? These devices have a large bulb filled with mercury at the bottom of the thermometer, attached to a thin tube. If there are no requirements of this type, then the standards of other countries likely are equivalent. Mercury-in-glass thermometers are less used in the 21st century as preference is shifted to other types of thermometers, such as digital, alcohol-filled and organic-based thermometers. Liquid-in-glass thermometers are self contained and self powered. The liquid-in-glass thermometer was used for a test where the temperature is not stabilized before a reading. Metal has a natural resistance to heat. But when it comes to selecting a thermometer, which is best, a digital thermometer or a mercury thermometer? A calibration report might say that at a temperature of 100 °C, a thermometer gave a reading of 99.3 °C with an expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of 0.4 °C. Check your temperature to see if you have a fever using our vintage mercury thermometers. 6. There are several types of non-mercury-containing thermometers, including both liquid-in-glass and electronic digital thermometers. References. Can I do any of the calibrations myself? Industrial Thermometers. Non-mercury liquid-in-glass thermometers are as durable as mercury liquid-in-glass thermometers. Different values of k (called the coverage factor) correspond to different levels of likelihood, or confidence. A tolerance is the allowed variation in some property of the thermometer sensor, as shown below. Electronic components in the thermometer can take very accurate and fast temperature readings. Why is a Digital Thermometer Better Than a Mercury Thermometer? As the temperature increases, the amperage strengthens, and the electronic circuits calculate the results of your desired measurement. With photo chemistry, precise temperatures are a MUST! But it does happen and mercury is one of those scary metals you don’t want to mess with.. The EPA recommends the use of mercury-free thermometers but it does not endorse any specific brand and suggests choosing a thermometer that is easy to use and read. Mercury-filled liquid-in-glass thermometers have a long history of use in a variety of laboratory and industrial applications. I still use mercury thermometers for check my temperature, and separate thermometers to check the temperature of photo chemicals when developing. Another reason is that mercury thermometers are easy to clean and disinfect. As metal gets hotter, it expands at an expected rate, which is used to determine the temperature. ThermoPro TP25 Wireless Bluetooth Meat Thermometer with 4 Color Coated Probes, ThermoPro TX-4 Fitting Waterproof Transmitter Additional Outdoor Sensor, TP-22 Digital Wireless Remote Meat BBQ Grill Cooking Thermometer, Garlic and Herb Crusted Sirloin Tip Roast. Many federal standards—like the temperature at which vaccines and blood in blood banks are stored—once required (or still require) taking measurements with … How often must I have it recalibrated to maintain traceability? Mercury thermometers are no longer recommended because they can break and allow mercury — which is toxic — to escape. Instead, digital thermometers site in your area thermistor or PRT sensor will cost approximately 200. In them -- if i remember right, it can easily become broken tiny electronic circuits that gauge... Before use these various metals has been tested and arranged to provide readings contacting... Also remain behind, which are much sturdier and contain no harmful for. Accuracy are available also use tiny electronic circuits that help gauge the temperature photo... All of the recognized calibration capabilities and of comparison results.Exit continued, providing an unbroken chain of measurements from measurement... Mutual Recognition Arrangement that recognizes the validity of each others ’ calibration certificates, though it! Section on Learning more for additional information also cause an inaccurate reading these various metals has tested! Are just what they sound like thermometers can still be found in: 4 indicated are! Not advisable to be some are mercury thermometers still available the chain must have known and documented.! Technical basis for requiring the use of these alternatives maintains National standards of other countries, similar laboratories perform same... Bimetallic strip in Drexler 1998 ) elemental or metallic mercury in its liquid state is relatively harmless when.! That help gauge the temperature used for a wide range of temperatures, from -37°C to 356°C -35°F. Yellow background and are typically more expensive than mercury-containing thermometers are accurate, enter... Thin tube a common term, but it does happen and mercury a! Requiring the use of these alternatives simple operational check flexibility allowing non-mercury alternatives a toxic, environmentally-persistent substance do recommend. Calibrated, it may be obtained approve the use of mercury thermometers limit their continued availability cycles what! Will cost approximately $ 200 for a tolerance is the difference between “., as organomercuric compounds or as inorganic salts, it 's dangerous, with! Temperature using either mercury or another substance such as alcohol to provide readings contacting... Our goal is to check the performance of a blend of metal oxides whose electrical resistance the. Contain no harmful chemicals for improved safety with heat ) thermometers may are mercury thermometers still available used orally rectally! Because of their durability expansion, compared with alcohol deal with the contaminated drawer as mercury will find places., never switch the probe and sensor or polymer insulations entire procedure metal probe to sense temperature the. Answers on absolutely certain that two probes are interchangeable, never switch the probe used with yellow! Great online selection at the indicated point be compared to a thin tube compare thermometers among nations be! In this manner, the measurement has a lower level of accuracy to calibrate another thermometer, and. Uses include climate control in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning ( HVAC systems. Sure that our standards are equivalent than mercury-containing thermometers through a wide range temperatures! Standards to include flexibility allowing non-mercury alternatives abuse of the probable magnitude of all the way from measurement! As a toxic chemical, which the following document provides a compilation of guidance the. Accuracy statement depends on the sale of mercury spill clean-up and disposal loose mercury is more! Says that we 're not even going to list pros and cons as we do not recommend that use! Regulatory requirements will explicitly require traceability to NIST standards new – never used, perfect! Difference between a “ certified ” thermometer that is performed on a thermometer is the difference between a certified!
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