Wells Middle School. The three men were arrested and jailed pending trial.[19]. Ida B. Wells Day in the State of Illinois. Around 2:30 a.m. on the morning of March 9, 1892, 75 men wearing black masks took Moss, McDowell, and Stewart from their jail cells at the Shelby County Jail to a Chesapeake and Ohio rail yard one mile north of the city and shot them dead. Ida B. ... Because black people were free, the Wells children were allowed to go to school. Antilynching crusader. Ida B. [146] The Memphis Memorial Committee, alongside the Neshoba Community Center, will be seeking to honor Ida B. Ferdinand Lee Barnett, who lived in Chicago, was a prominent attorney, civil rights activist, and journalist. Wells Ida B. This verdict supported railroad companies that chose to racially segregate their passengers. [140], On February 12, 2019, a blue plaque, provided by the Nubian Jak Community Trust, was unveiled at the Edgbaston Community Centre, Birmingham, England, commemorating Wells' stay in a house on the exact site of 66 Gough Road where she stayed in 1893 during her speaking tour of the British Isles.[141][57]. Wells Plaza' Banner Where a Statue of Edward Carmack Stood Before It Was Toppled by Protesters", "Birmingham Blue Plaque Unveiled to Commemorate Civil Rights Activist Ida B. Frederick Douglass praised her work: "You have done your people and mine a service ... What a revelation of existing conditions your writing has been for me. Wells was born into slavery on July 16, 1862 in Holly Springs, Mississippi as the oldest of eight children. [154], Books, journals, magazines, academic papers, online blogs, * indicates award given to widow in year after his death, African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist, and civil rights activist, Early career and anti-segregation activism, Anti-lynching campaign and investigative journalism, From "race agitator" to political candidate. Wells travelled twice to Britain in her campaign against lynching, the first time in 1893 and the second in 1894. Wells: Suffragist, Feminist, and Leader", "Ida B. She documented lynching in the United States, showing that it was often used as a way to control or punish Blacks who competed with whytes, rather than being based on criminal acts by Blacks, as was usually claimed by whyte mobs. [35], Wells, in Southern Horrors, adopted the phrase "poor, blind Afro-American Sampsons" to denote Black men as victims of "White Delilahs". Ida B. [71][72] In 1914 she served as president of NERL's Chicago bureau. It took three men to eject her from her seat and one received a painful hand bite in the process. Wells, and succeeded, making history in 1939 as the first housing project named after a colored woman. [58] Thompson's play explores Wells as "a seminal figure in Post-Reconstruction America. On one fateful train ride from Memphis to Nashville, in May 1884, Wells reached a personal turning point. Wells Society for Investigative Reporting was launched in Memphis, Tennessee, with the purpose of promoting investigative journalism. Wells Museum have also been established to protect, preserve and promote Wells' legacy. Alfreda Wells, the youngest child of Ida B. Wells-Barnett, talks about her mother's life and work as an investigative journalist and strong champion of civil and women's rights. Charles Aked Barnett's middle name was the namesake of Charles Frederic Aked (1864–1941), an influential British-born-turned-American progressive Protestant clergyman who, in 1894, while pastor of the Pembrooke Baptist Church in Liverpool, England, befriended Wells, endorsed her anti-lynching campaign, and hosted her in during her second speaking tour in England in 1894. Wells was born 5 or 10 or 20 years earlier; we may not be telling this story. [130][131][132][133], In 2016 the Ida B. Born a slave in 1862, she first became prominent in the 1890's because she brought international attention to the lynching of African Americans in the south. In the eyes of the FBI, this made her a “dangerous negro agitator.” In the annals of history, it makes her an icon. Wells in Chicago in 1909 with her children: Charles, Herman, Ida and Alfreda They were slaves and while they were caring their first born Ida as an infant,in Holly Springs, Mississippi civil war battles were raging at their doorstep. [82][83], Wells' role in the U.S. suffrage movement was inextricably linked to her lifelong crusade against racism, violence and discrimination towards African Americans. The Illinois Presidential and Municipal Suffrage Bill of 1913 (see Women's suffrage in Illinois) gave women in the state the right to vote for presidential electors, mayor, aldermen and most other local offices; but not for governor, state representatives or members of Congress. She married Ferdinand Barnett in 1898. Her reaction to the higher court's decision revealed her strong convictions on civil rights and religious faith, as she responded: "I felt so disappointed because I had hoped such great things from my suit for my people. Though both her parents were slaves, the Emancipation was declared by Abraham Lincoln six months after Ida was born. James L. Fleming, co-owner with Wells and business manager, was forced to flee Memphis; and, reportedly, the trains were being watched for Wells' return. Wells' as a prominent figure in Memphis's history by installing a statue in her memory. Wells Women’s Club and Alpha Suffrage Club, the first suffrage club for black women. Ida B. More than seven decades before Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on an Alabama bus, Ida B. Ida B. Ms. Wells was disappointed that not much information was written about her so she wrote two autobiographies before her death: The Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. [68], Wells encountered and sometimes collaborated with the others, but they also had many disagreements, while also competing for attention for their ideas and programs. Ida B. Wells, specifically highlighting why she became a journalist and African American civil rights activist. Wells was one of the eight children by her parents, and they lived in Bolling’s house now known as the Bolling-Gatewood House. [53], Wells toured England, Scotland and Wales for two months, addressing audiences of thousands,[54] and rallying a moral crusade among the British. Postal Service dedicated a 25¢ stamp commemorating Wells in a ceremony at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago. Wells-Barnett explored these in detail in her The Red Record.[38]. If Southern men are not careful, a conclusion might be reached which will be very damaging to the moral reputation of their women. [45][46], Despite Wells-Barnett's attempt to garner support among White Americans against lynching, she believed that her campaign could not overturn the economic interests Whites had in using lynching as an instrument to maintain Southern order and discourage Black economic ventures. "[26] The Evening Scimitar (Memphis) copied the story that same day, but, more specifically raised the threat: "Patience under such circumstances is not a virtue. Facts About Ida B Wells. Wells was the first of eight children born to Jim and Elizabeth Wells in Mississippi in 1862, six months before chattel slavery was ended with the Emancipation Proclamation. The club advocated to have a housing project in Chicago named after the founder, Ida B. Barnett was a widower with two children Ferdinand and Albert. Wells Battled Jim Crow in Memphis", College of Fellows of the American Theatre, "8 – White Women and the Campaign Against Lynching: Frances Willard, Jane Addams, Jesse Daniel Ames", Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, The Reason Why the Colored American Is Not in the World's Columbian Exposition: The Afro-American Contribution to Columbian Literature, "Announcement of the 2020 Pulitzer Prize Winners – Special Citation: Ida B. Her husband, Rev. With roots in the call for temperance and sobriety, the organization later became a powerful advocate of suffrage in the U.S. Wells and the pressure group she put together with Addams are credited with stopping the adoption of an officially segregated school system. Contains correspondence, manuscript of Crusade for Justice: the Autobiography of Ida B. [19], On March 2, 1892, a young Black male youth named Armour Harris was playing a game of marbles with a young White male youth named Cornelius Hurst in front of the People's Grocery. [105][8], Wells-Barnett explained that the defense of White women's honor allowed Southern White men to get away with murder by projecting their own history of sexual violence onto Black men. Wells committed herself to the needs of those who did not have power. Her call for all races and genders to be accountable for their actions showed African-American women that they can speak out and fight for their rights. Ida Wells, the daughter of a carpenter, was born in Holly Springs, Mississippi, in 1862. Wells, Introduction", "The Race Problem – Miss Willard on the Political Puzzle of the South", "The African-American Suffragists History Forgot", "Ida B. Ida Bell Wells-Barnett (July 16, 1862 – March 25, 1931) was an American investigative journalist, educator, and early leader in the civil rights movement. "[16] Wells was ordered to pay court costs. The New York Times, for example, called her "a slanderous and nasty-nasty-minded Mulatress". Following the end of the Civil War, her father, who as an enslaved person had been the carpenter on a plantation, was active in Reconstruction period politics in Mississippi. View a short video about her work to guarantee access to the vote. Wells did the same in a “Whites Only” train car in Tennessee. Ida B. About this quiz: All the questions on this quiz are based on information that can be found at Biography - Ida B. A prominent attorney, Barnett was a civil rights activist and journalist in Chicago. When Wells refused to give up her seat, the conductor and two men dragged her out of the car. [30] For the next three years, she resided in Harlem, initially as a guest at the home of Timothy Thomas Fortune (1856–1928) and wife, Carrie Fortune (née Caroline Charlotte Smiley; 1860–1940). Rosa Parks. Angry about the previous day's mêlée, Barrett responded that "Blacks were thieves" and hit McDowell with a pistol. [62], Wells' marriage to Barnett was a legal union as well as a partnership of ideas and actions. Writing to the president of the association, Mary Terrell, Chicago organizers of the event stated that they would not cooperate in the meeting if it included Wells. Together with Frederick Douglass and other Black leaders, Wells organized a Black boycott of the fair, for its exclusion of African Americans from the exhibits. On July 13, 2019, a marker for her was dedicated in Mississippi, on the northeast corner of Holly Springs' Courthouse Square. During her summer vacations she attended summer sessions at Fisk University, a historically Black college in Nashville. Her parents were slaves of an architect, Spires Bolling. [63], In addition to Barnett's two children from Ferdinand's previous marriage, the couple had four more: Charles Aked Barnett (1896–1957), Herman Kohlsaat Barnett (1897–1975), Ida Bell Wells Barnett, Jr. (1901–1988), and Alfreda Marguerita Barnett (married surname Duster; 1904–1983). Barrett was dissatisfied with the response and was frustrated that the People's Grocery was competing with his store. In 1894, before leaving the US for her second visit to Great Britain, Wells called on William Penn Nixon, the editor of the Daily Inter Ocean, a Republican newspaper in Chicago. [52] She was the first African-American woman to be a paid correspondent for a mainstream White newspaper. 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