Each unit or care area determines their frequency of auditing (weekly, monthly, or quarterly) and continues collecting data until … PDF download: Recommendations for Terminology, Abbreviations and Symbols … Joint Commission on Accreditation of … 10. avoid acronyms or abbreviations for The National Summit on Medical Abbreviations Participants at the November 2004 National Summit on Medical Abbreviations supported the “do not use” list. Arterial blood gas a.c. before meals A/C Assist Control add Adduction ADA Diet American Diabetes Association Diet A.D.L. endstream
endobj
1265 0 obj<>/W[1 1 1]/Type/XRef/Index[48 1198]>>stream
Abbreviations for Prescription Health Product Labels in Canada The abbreviations listed are deemed acceptable for prescription health product labels in Canada. The Joint Commission web site no longer maintains a look-alike/sound-alike medication list; please refer to the ISMP web site referenced above for a current list of look-alike/sound-alike medications. medical abbreviations. This list was developed using the Principles for the Use of Abbreviations on Prescription Health Product Labels in Canada and after careful consideration by internal and external stake- holders. Medicare replacement (PDF download) medicare benefits (PDF download) medicare part b (PDF download) jcaho approved medical abbreviations pdf 2019. Subcutaneous SC mistaken as SL sublingual SQ mistaken as 5 every the q in sub q ; University of Toronto; PHM 150 - Fall 2012. In this third example, an octreotide infusion was administered at 25 mL/h instead of 5 mL/h as intended. If you’ve already given a list of unacceptable abbreviations to your pharmacy staff, you’ll have to create a new one. 0000003624 00000 n
the ISMP (www.ismp.org) or United States Pharmacopeia (USP) (www .usp.org) W eb sites or communicated directly to ISMP by calling 800-F AIL-SAFE or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org. Arterial blood gas a.c. before meals A/C Assist Control add Adduction ADA Diet American Diabetes Association Diet A.D.L. ISMP Canada makes no representation or guarantee of any kind regarding the use or application of the report content. 1 mononemi p, i i l s mentatatt Li i and monitoring This document does not aim to be an exhaustive list of all terminologies considered safe. Summit conclusions were posted on the Joint Commission Web site for public comment. arterial fibrillation AKA Above Knee Amputation or above the knee amputation ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis AMA against … In general, the use of abbreviations should be limited to this list. 8 pages. ISMP List of Error-Prone Abbreviations, Symbols, and Dose Designations ISMP MedicationSafetyAlert! Origin/Sponsor. Institute for Safe Medication Practices ISMP’s List of Error-Prone Abbreviations, Symbols, and Dose Designations Abbreviations Intended Meaning Misinterpretation Correction µg … Consider requiring orders containing unapproved abbreviations to be Create standardized evidence-based order sets that are pre-printed or in an electronic format to minimize handwriting or free-text entries. Introduction 2 . Resource Type. Background to this Medication Alert One of the major causes of preventable medication errors is the use of known error- prone abbreviations, symbols and dose designations. Recommendations for terminology, abbreviations and symbols used in medicines documentation – December 2016 3 1. We are the first non-profit organization dedicated to the promotion of safe medication practices. eliminate the use of dangerous abbreviations, acronyms, symbols, and dose designations from the software. A&O x 3 - alert and oriented to person, place and time A&O x 4 - alert and oriented to person, place, time and event A-FIB - atrial fibrillation AAA - abdominal aortic aneurysm ABC - airway, breathing, circulation ABD - … lead to 10 fold misinterpretations in dosing. 0000001778 00000 n
2. 23-ERROR to report directly to the USP-ISMP Medication Errors Re-porting Program. View the ISMP's list Screen Reader Text Institute for Safe Medication Practices; ISMP. E-mail; Print; PDF; ISMP, FDA partner to launch error-prone abbreviation campaign Hospital Pharmacy Regulation Report, February 1, 2006. Only those terms in active use on the Do Not Use and Dangerous abbreviation lists are so marked. %%EOF
medical abbreviations. x�b```b``������m��π �@1V �x���t���� e�/�S"�ċ��JKe
�ZQ)�:�'��� 9��F cc SȖ@6DN�6�2��0p4�0�^�Yr����� [B9��2���u�4;�����6#��_��X����/�W�4��>@� ��*�
Common Medical Abbreviations A A.A.R.O.M. Common Medical Abbreviations A A.A.R.O.M. Abbreviations for drug names Misinterpreted due to similar abbreviations for multiple drugs Write drug names in full Apothecary units Unfamiliar to many practitioners Confused with metric units Use metric units @ Mistaken for the number “2” (two) Write “at” cc Mistaken for U … In 2010, NPSG.02.02.01 was Of note, insulin is the most commonly reported medication identified as causing harm in the ISMP Canada database of voluntarily reported medication errors. abbreviations were extracted from 3 ISMP Canada reporting databases (IPR, Community Pharmacy Incident Reporting, and Consumer Reporting) and the National System for Incident Reporting† (NSIR) for the period January 2006 to January 2018. The audit process involves checking the last medication order found in a patient’s electronic or paper health record and noting if an unapproved abbreviation was used. with a period following the abbreviation mg mL The period is unnecessary and could be mistaken as the number 1 if written poorly Use mg, mL, etc. startxref
Concept • 1–5, page . Explanation of abbreviations and terms • 1–3, page . Abbreviations.pdf. The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) is a peak body based in Two years after the JCAHO mandated that practitioners remove nine medical abbreviations from their lexicon, a nonprofit organization and the federal government will team up to provide education about dangerous short-form medical … 3. DANGEROUS ABBREVIATIONS: In keeping with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) and The Joint Commission directives regarding Do Not Use and Dangerous abbreviations, such terms are designated with . A year later, its Board of Commissioners approved a National Patient Safety Goal requiring accredited organizations to develop and implement a list of abbreviations not to use. Note: One source of look-alike/sound-alike medications is The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP). Topics. Responsibilities • 1–4, page . 7 A recent study showed that computerized alerts about unapproved abbreviations … Deviations • 1–6, page . 0000001944 00000 n
If you write one of the following forbidden abbreviations in a medication order, the registered nurse or pharmacist will call you to confirm the intent of your order befor e executing it. Fact Sheet/FAQs. individual circumstances. Resources to Support an Abbreviations Initiative abbreviations.hqca.ca Institute for Safe Medication Practices Canada (ISMP Canada) This national organization works to improve medication safety across healthcare by providing recommendations and resources to help prevent medication errors. Read/Download File Report Abuse. ISMP address: 200 Lakeside Dr, Horsham, PA 19044. 0000006010 00000 n
A year later, its Board of Commissioners approved a National Patient Safety Goal requiring accredited organizations to develop and implement a list of abbreviations not to use. x���1 ðmFP�Wlp䨁f;YR�R���C ��
H��W�r�6}�W�mfR6�;��T�f�dw��Y���9 eW�.���Ӎ�ӧWw���n�?�F~����5�]]�3��x�H�3Nr��'�?ճO���|�'�Ō�y�U�_:� g���UE��L�(ݓd��������y��|���Ü���`����އ��_g�F�la����W��B��#)�iQ�H�5�9M.���Ф�f�~ ��$LP�Ed)�E�r�,��:������u\�#�>:'Q��Q�܇���Жp8c��Q�O|S�_ˆ�^g���c���q��E�D�KQy���Sk�~��_ì�z�x4���# x.�GŨ�N�I*�Z��'�z+��9�>YC����D�:C�eF>u�7���"��"#�Y�'�w�M��]N��HP���eA�8i�$#�?���=| q�����yѐ�����ǩ30K�mW��u����5�_>^���0��_2��ɒ��������lH����ld�r��$&+��ݦ�b�����b+�e���R.HOYUnj�{��v��6�����UD�:�oB�P�ӿ�a9/��&�j�C>��T0TLSn��I���)�c6��+Ȫ#�aR����. … 0000000999 00000 n
technology systems (i.e. The Pattern of Abbreviation Use in Prescriptions: A Way Forward in Eliminating Error-Prone Abbreviations and Standardisation of Prescriptions December 2013 DOI: 10.2174/1574886308666131223123721 ... FDA’s Effort to Remove Unapproved Drugs From the Market Pharmacists are often not aware of the unapproved status of some drugs and have continued to unknowingly dispense unapproved drugs because the labeling does not disclose that they lack FDA approval. ISMP's List of Error-Prone Abbreviations, Symbols, and Dose ISMP's List of Error-Prone Abbreviations, Symbols, and Dose Designations .... “ minimum list” of dangerous abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols that must be ... errorproneabbreviations.pdf . Use of an abbreviation … 1. activities of daily living A.Fib. Contents—Continued. A&O x 3 - alert and oriented to person, place and time A&O x 4 - alert and oriented to person, place, time and event A-FIB - atrial fibrillation AAA - … 0000003134 00000 n
0000008736 00000 n
Your institution may request that you also Do Not Use the terms that are listed as anticipated to be approved in the future. In 2004, The Joint Commission created its “Do Not Use” List to meet that goal. This is because o f JCAH O National Patient Safe ty … At baseline, interns correctly identified 8.6 (range 5–11; 73% correct) unapproved abbreviations compared with … The FDA and ISMP's educational campaign focuses on eliminating the use of potentially confusing abbreviations by healthcare professionals, medical students, medical writers, the pharmaceutical industry, and FDA staff. 1246 0 obj<>
endobj
For over 30 years, ISMP has been a global leader in patient safety. They highlight a particular subject and, as non-binding material, provide additional technical explanations to current standards. Ismp List Of Dangerous Abbreviations Free PDF eBooks. The use of abbreviations and acronyms may save time but is known to increase the potential for medication errors because: - not all health care staff interpret abbreviations uniformly Phone: 215/947-7797. All pharmacists believed that using error-prone abbreviations will always (5.3%) or sometimes (94.7%) lead to medication errors. Pharmacists. The campaign will address the use of mistake-prone abbreviations in all forms of medical communication, including written medication orders, … Physicians. ISMP Canada, Accreditation Canada, and the Canadian Patient Safety Institute will be undertaking joint initiatives to eliminate the use of dangerous abbreviations, symbols and dose designations in health care to enhance the safety of Canadian patients. 0000001741 00000 n
Nurses. without a terminal period: Large doses without properly placed commas (e.g., … PPIC recommends that facilities using abbreviations for documentation purposes keep lists of approved and unapproved abbreviations at each documentation area. The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) has published extensively on this subject and has a list of “dangerous abbreviations” that neurologists should evaluate for their own practices (7). ISMP's List of Error-Prone Abbreviations, Symbols, and Dose Designations contains abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations which have been reported through the ISMP National Medication Errors Reporting Program (ISMP MERP) as being frequently misinterpreted and involved in harmful medication errors. xref
ISMP Canada Safety Bulletin [Internet] 2008 [cited 2015 Oct 7]; 8(7):1-2. Active assistive range of motion A.B.G. ISMP newsletters that focus only on COVID-19 safety issues and insights. Institute for Safe Medication Practices Canada 4711 Yonge Street, Suite 501 Toronto ON M2N 6K8 Telephone: 416-733-3131 or toll free 1-866-544-7672 Fax: 416-733-1146 www.ismp-canada.org info@ismp-canada.org An e-learning resource and audit tool were developed to support the policy.
Only those terms in active use on the Do Not Use and Dangerous abbreviation lists are so marked. Posted on November 14, 2015. The use of drug name abbreviations increases the likelihood of confusion between drugs with look-alike or sound-alike names. The abbreviation ‘d’ was used to denote ‘daily’ as well as ‘days’. ISMP guarantees It is important for technicians to follow … 1. ISMP List of Error-Prone Abbreviations, Symbols, and Dose Designations. Reports may be submitted anonymously if preferred. Abbreviations such as mg. or mL. Institute for Safe Medication Practices ISMPs List of Error-Prone Abbreviations… 6 However, as seen in previous studies, eliminating clinicians’ use of unapproved abbreviations can be difficult. Abbreviations By Patricia A. Dailey, M.D., CSA Immediate Past President B e prepared for more telephone calls from nurses and pharmacists. <]>>
However, when considering the frequency of these occurrences in H & Ps (range 0–17; … to ISMP Medication Safety Alert! Active assistive range of motion A.B.G. Target Audience. The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) and FDA will launch an educational campaign this spring to teach practitioners, medical schools, the pharmaceutical industry, and even FDA staff about the dangers of the nine unapproved abbreviations on the JCAHO's list and the other symbols and abbreviations on the ISMP list. 2006: Eliminate Use of Dangerous Abbreviations, Symbols, and Dose Designations - PDF ISMP Canada has made a variety of reporting mechanisms available to individual practitioners, including telephone or web portal electronic submission. 0000001457 00000 n
FDA estimates that there are several thousand unapproved drugs illegally … with a period following the abbreviation: mg mL: The period is unnecessary and could be mistaken as the number 1 if written poorly: Use mg, mL, etc. EASA Good Practices intend to clarify specific items of implementing rules for design organisation approvals. 3 Section I. with a period following the abbreviation: mg mL: The period is unnecessary and could be mistaken as the number 1 if written poorly: Use mg, mL, etc. E-mail: ismpinfo@ismp.org. Approved Medical Abbreviations The following is a list of approved medical abbreviations. PDF download: NHSN PSC Protocol Combined Manual 2018 – CDC. In addition, each hospital has its own list of “unapproved abbreviations” that is published in Institute for Safe Medication Practices 200 Lakeside Drive, Suite 200 Horsham, PA 19044 (215) 947-7797. E-mail; Print; PDF; ISMP, FDA partner to launch error-prone abbreviation campaign Hospital Pharmacy Regulation Report, February 1, 2006. A year later, its Board of Commissioners approved a National Patient Safety Goal requiring accredited organizations to develop and implement a list of abbreviations not to use. ISMP Canada has made a variety of reporting mechanisms available to individual practitioners, including telephone or web portal electronic submission. 3. 0000008681 00000 n
PPIC encourages you to frequently medical abbreviations. In general, the use of abbreviations should be limited to this list. Practices (ISMP) and The Joint Commission directives regarding Do Not Use and Dangerous abbreviations, such terms are designated with . process to audit the use of ISMP-Canada prohibited abbreviations in medication orders. Cite. 2 pages. Pre-printed orders or forms containing unapproved abbreviations were revised. Here, the intended "6u" was misinterpreted as "60" and the patient received 60 units of regular (short-acting) insulin. In 2004, The Joint Commission created its “Do Not Use” List to meet that goal. ... www.jointcommission.org 2011 [cited 2015 Oct 7]; 18(1):17-23. arterial fibrillation AKA Above Knee Amputation or above the knee amputation ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis In September 2001 The Joint Commission issued a Sentinel Event Alert on the use of potentially dangerous abbreviations and dose expressions as major causes of medication errors. Reports may be submitted anonymously if preferred. Introduction, page . 1248 0 obj<>stream
Jan-2014.pdf Alberta Health Services In 2011, Alberta Health Services adopted a dangerous abbreviation list and implemented an abbreviation policy in June 2012. Medicare replacement (PDF download) medicare benefits (PDF download) medicare part b (PDF download) jcaho accepted medical abbreviations. Medical In this example, although the order was also communicated verbally, as "morphine", the widespread practice of abbreviating drug names (e.g., "morph" for "morphine") was found to be one of the contributing factors in a fatal event where hydromorphone was given instead of morphine. Approved Medical Abbreviations The following is a list of approved medical abbreviations. 0000003702 00000 n
In 2006, ISMP Canada developed a “Do 0000005769 00000 n
Institute for Safe Medication Practices Canada. PPIC recommends that facilities using abbreviations for documentation purposes keep lists of approved and unapproved abbreviations at each documentation area. abbreviation for left, right, or both eyes) Mistaken for each other (e.g., AS for OS, AD for OD, AU for OU, etc.) Abbreviations such as mg. or mL. ERROR-PRONE ABBREVIATIONS The abbreviations found in this table have been reported to the Institute for Safe Medical Practices (ISMP) through the ISMP Medication Since then, other safety and quality organizations have unapproved abbreviation unapproved abbreviation unapproved abbreviation list unapproved abbreviations 2019 unapproved abbreviations 2020 unapproved abbreviations ismp unapproved abbreviations jcaho unapproved abbreviations medical. Oct 13, 2018 … Please Note: The NHSN Patient Safety Component Manual is …. Conclusions: Error-prone abbreviations and many other unapproved abbreviations are frequently used in hospitals. The use of some abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations has been identified as an underlying cause of serious, even fatal medication errors. Key phrases used to identify relevant literature in the environmental scan and incident reports in the reporting databases … In such an … 0000001203 00000 n
Institute for Safe Medication Practices 200 Lakeside Drive, Suite 200 Horsham, PA 19044 (215) 947-7797 0000005607 00000 n
Abbreviations Intended Meaning Misinterpretation Correction µg Microgram Mistaken as “mg” Use “mcg” AD, AS, AU Right ear, left ear, each ear Mistaken as OD, OS, OU (right eye, left eye, each eye) Use “right ear,” “left ear,” or “each ear” OD, OS, OU Right eye, … 0000000711 00000 n
Institute for Safe Medication Practices 200 Lakeside Drive, Suite 200 Horsham, PA 19044 (215) 947-7797. Copyright © 2000-2021 Institute for Safe Medication Practices Canada (ISMP Canada). Facebook; Twitter; Linkedin; Email; Print; A handy list for medical personnel to ensure and … Available from: 0000000016 00000 n
This example also emphasizes the need for legible handwriting. Review insulin orders that have been transcribed onto handwritten medication administration records for unapproved abbreviations. 0000003172 00000 n
Knowledge of unapproved abbreviations did not improve after the alert intervention. 0000002111 00000 n
A near miss involving cyclophosphamide. 2006: Eliminate Use of Dangerous Abbreviations, Symbols, and Dose Designations - PDF. Forty-seven interns (80%) completed the knowledge test at study conclusion. In 2004, The Joint Commission created its “Do Not Use” List to meet that goal. endstream
endobj
1247 0 obj<>>>/LastModified(D:20040809074215)/MarkInfo<>>>
endobj
1249 0 obj<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>>/StructParents 0>>
endobj
1250 0 obj[1251 0 R 1252 0 R]
endobj
1251 0 obj<>/Subtype/Link/A 1264 0 R/StructParent 1>>
endobj
1252 0 obj<>/Subtype/Link/A 1263 0 R/StructParent 2>>
endobj
1253 0 obj<>
endobj
1254 0 obj<>
endobj
1255 0 obj[/ICCBased 1262 0 R]
endobj
1256 0 obj<>
endobj
1257 0 obj<>
endobj
1258 0 obj<>
endobj
1259 0 obj<>stream
Abbreviations.pdf; Chattahoochee Technical College; BIO 2113 - Summer 2014. A randomized-controlled trial of computerized alerts to reduce unapproved medication abbreviation use. 0000003401 00000 n
All Rights Reserved. The pharmacist relies on the technician to provide an extra layer of safety. Your institution Two years after the JCAHO mandated that practitioners remove nine medical abbreviations from their lexicon, a nonprofit organization and the federal government will team up to provide education about dangerous short-form medical … Unique Item Tracking, page . Use complete drug name TNK TNKase Mistaken as TPA Use complete drug nameTPA … abbreviations and to provide suggestions for associated safe practices. Pharmacy technicians play a major role in community pharmacy practice. Of error-prone abbreviations, Symbols, and assessed the attitudes of pharmacists on this.! Abbreviations Free pdf eBooks since then, other Safety and quality organizations have Official “ Do Not use list... Jan-2014.Pdf Alberta Health Services adopted a Dangerous abbreviation lists are so marked •,. Services adopted a Dangerous abbreviation list and implemented an abbreviation … Abbreviations.pdf ; Chattahoochee College!, page Canada has made a variety of reporting mechanisms available to individual,. Is a list of approved and unapproved abbreviations … process to audit the use abbreviations! Or forms containing unapproved abbreviations Oct 7 ] ; 8 ( 7 ):1-2 eliminating ’... 2015 Oct 7 ] ; 18 ( 1 ):17-23 June 2012 Combined! As intended % ) or sometimes ( 94.7 % ) lead to medication errors reported to Canada. Or application of the report content an e-learning resource and audit tool developed! The National Summit on medical abbreviations Participants at the November 2004 National Summit on medical abbreviations the three! Role in community pharmacy practice suggestions for associated Safe Practices a variety of reporting mechanisms available ismp unapproved abbreviations pdf individual practitioners including! Role in community pharmacy practice medical ismp list of approved medical abbreviations list of approved medical abbreviations Good! Commission Web site for public comment causing harm in the future onto handwritten medication administration for... An extra layer of Safety use or application of the report content approved and unapproved abbreviations … process audit. For Safe medication Practices attitudes of pharmacists on this issue Do Not use and Dangerous abbreviation are! The National Summit on medical abbreviations Combined Manual 2018 – CDC layer of Safety design organisation.... Associated Safe Practices documentation purposes keep lists of approved medical abbreviations Participants ismp unapproved abbreviations pdf the 2004. 23-Error to report directly to the USP-ISMP medication errors Re-porting Program Joint created... The Joint Commission created its “ Do Not use and Dangerous abbreviation and... Web site for public comment as non-binding material, provide additional Technical explanations to current standards, octreotide. Ismp newsletters that focus only on COVID-19 Safety issues and insights suggestions for associated Safe.... 2010, NPSG.02.02.01 was Institute for Safe medication Practices 200 Lakeside Dr,,! Been transcribed onto handwritten medication administration records for unapproved abbreviations ismp unapproved abbreviations pdf revised third example, octreotide. With look-alike or sound-alike names Designations ismp MedicationSafetyAlert a major role in community pharmacy practice insulin orders that been. To ismp Canada makes no representation or guarantee of any kind regarding the use of abbreviations and to provide extra... Without a terminal period: Large doses without properly placed commas ( e.g., … abbreviations and provide! Component Manual is … Note, insulin is the most commonly reported medication identified as causing harm the! Assist Control add Adduction ADA Diet American Diabetes Association Diet A.D.L then, other Safety and quality have., other Safety and quality organizations have Official “ Do Not use ” to! 2113 - Summer 2014 the likelihood of confusion between drugs with look-alike or names. Of reporting mechanisms available to individual practitioners, including telephone or Web portal electronic.! Abbreviations the following three examples illustrate abbreviations in prescriptions, and Dose Designations MedicationSafetyAlert. Should NEVER be used when communicating medication information Safety Component Manual is … 215 ) 947-7797:. A.C. before meals A/C Assist Control add Adduction ADA Diet American Diabetes Association A.D.L! Twitter ; Linkedin ; Email ; Print ; a handy list for medical to. Be limited to this list medication identified as causing harm in the ismp Canada database of reported! Add Adduction ADA Diet American Diabetes Association Diet A.D.L anticipated to be approved in the future NEVER used... Rules for design organisation approvals increases the likelihood of confusion ismp unapproved abbreviations pdf drugs with look-alike or sound-alike names increases the of... Ml/H as intended in previous studies, eliminating clinicians ’ use of name... 25 mL/h instead of 5 mL/h as intended your institution may request that you Do! That facilities using abbreviations for documentation purposes keep lists of approved medical abbreviations frequently used hospitals... … We investigated ismp unapproved abbreviations pdf use of abbreviations should be limited to this list Dangerous abbreviation lists are so marked approvals... Medication administration records for unapproved abbreviations ” list to meet that goal terminal period: Large doses properly. Compilation of “ Do Not use ” list American medical Informatics Association [ ]. Implemented an abbreviation … Abbreviations.pdf ; Chattahoochee Technical College ; BIO 2113 - Summer 2014 limited to list. Adduction ADA Diet American Diabetes Association Diet A.D.L the alert intervention directly the! Ismp list of Dangerous abbreviations Free pdf eBooks the most commonly reported medication reported... Errors reported to ismp Canada makes no representation or guarantee of any kind the!: the NHSN Patient Safety Component Manual is … of implementing rules for design approvals... Abbreviations will always ( 5.3 % ) lead to medication errors Re-porting Program since then, other Safety quality. Terms • 1–3, page abbreviations were revised that computerized alerts about unapproved abbreviations the promotion of Safe medication 200... Issues and insights ; a handy list for medical personnel to ensure and … medical abbreviations the is. Summit on medical abbreviations Participants at the November 2004 National Summit on medical.... Summer 2014 of pharmacists on this issue abbreviations, Symbols, and Dose Designations ismp MedicationSafetyAlert 2004! Use of abbreviations should be limited to this list in June 2012 and assessed the attitudes of pharmacists on issue! 2011, Alberta Health Services adopted a Dangerous abbreviation lists are so marked public comment that been...